Digital fixed points, approximate fixed points, and universal functions

Authors

  • Laurence Boxer Niagara University
  • Ozgur Ege Celal Bayar University
  • Ismet Karaca Ege University
  • Jonathan Lopez Canisius College
  • Joel Louwsma Niagara University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2016.4704

Keywords:

digital image, digitally continuous, digital topology, fixed point

Abstract

A. Rosenfeld [23] introduced the notion of a digitally continuous function between digital images, and showed that although digital images need not have fixed point properties analogous to those of the Euclidean spaces modeled by the images, there often are approximate fixed point properties of such images. In the current paper, we obtain additional results concerning fixed points and approximate fixed points of digitally continuous functions. Among these are several results concerning the relationship between universal functions and the approximate fixed point property (AFPP).

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Author Biographies

Laurence Boxer, Niagara University

Professor and past Chair of Computer and Information Sciences; also, Research Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at SUNY - Buffalo

Ozgur Ege, Celal Bayar University

Research Assistant, Department of Mathematics

Ismet Karaca, Ege University

Professor of Mathematics

Jonathan Lopez, Canisius College

Assistant Professor of Mathematics

Joel Louwsma, Niagara University

Assistant Professor of Mathematics

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Published

2016-10-03

How to Cite

[1]
L. Boxer, O. Ege, I. Karaca, J. Lopez, and J. Louwsma, “Digital fixed points, approximate fixed points, and universal functions”, Appl. Gen. Topol., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 159–172, Oct. 2016.

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Section

Regular Articles