Procedimiento de Diseño para Minimizar el Consumo de Potencia y los retrasos en WSAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-7912(10)70046-7Palabras clave:
Sistemas de tiempo real, Redes de sensores y actuadores Inalámbricas, Sistemas embebidos, Monitorización y control en tiempo realResumen
Actualmente existe un gran interés por el desarrollo de aplicaciones industriales utilizando redes inalámbricas, principalmente por el aumento de la flexibilidad del sistema y la disminución de los costos de implementación. Sin embargo, los retrasos y el jitter que introduce la red de comunicaciones en las aplicaciones de control, han dado lugar a que en algunos casos no se obtenga una buena correspondencia entre los resultados experimentales y los objetivos de control propuestos, esto como consecuencia del uso de modelos imprecisos para analizar y diseñar estos sistemas, métodos de validación poco elaborados y plataformas que no soportan los modelos empleados. En este trabajo se presenta un procedimiento de diseño que permite encontrar un modo de funcionamiento óptimo del sistema, que garantiza el cumplimiento de los plazos de tiempo de las aplicaciones, y minimiza el consumo de potencia y los retrasos.Descargas
Citas
Astrom K. and Wittenmark B.: Computer Control Systems. Theory and design. Prentice Hall, 1997.
Audsley N., Burns A., Richardson M., Tindell K., and Wellings A.J.: “Applying New Scheduling Theory to Static Priority Pre-emptive Scheduling”. Software Engineering Journal, September 1993.
Balbastre P., Ripoll I., and Crespo A.: “Minimum Deadline Calculation for Periodic Real-Time Tasks in Dynamic Priority Systems”. IEEE Transactions on computers. Vol. 57, No. 1, January 2008.
Bonivento A., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A., Graziosi F., Santucci F.: “SERAN: A Semi Random Protocol Solution for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proc. of MASS 2005. 2005.
Bonivento A., Carloni L. and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A.: “Platform-Based Design of Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Applications”. Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe, pp. 1103-1107. 2006a.
Bonivento A., Carloni L. and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A.: “Platform based design for wireless sensor networks”. Mobile Networks and Applications - Springer, pp.469–485. 2006b.
Branicky M., Phillips M., and Zhang W.: “Scheduling and feedback codesign for networked control systems”. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Las Vegas, USA. 2002.
Cena I G., Bertolotti A C., C. Zunino V.: “Industrial Applications of IEEE 802.11e WLANs”. IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 21-23 May 2008.
Cervin A., Henriksson D., Lincoln B., Eker J., Årzén K.: "How Does Control Timing Affect Performance?, Analysis and Simulation of Timing Using Jitterbug and TrueTime". IEEE Control Systems Magazine, June 2003.
Dormido S., Sánchez J., Kofman E.: “Muestreo, control y comunicación basados en eventos. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial. Vol. 5. No. 1, pp. 5-26, 2008.
Gregory C W., Octavian B., Linda B.: “Asymptotic Behavior of Networked Control Systems”. Submitted to Control Applications Conference, International Conference on Control Applications. Hawaii, USA. August 22-21, 1999.
Hespanha J. P., Xu Y.: “A Survey of Recent Results in Networked Control Systems”. Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 95, No. 1, January 2007.
Hristu-Varsakelis D., Levine W. S. (Eds.): “Handbook of Networked and Embedded Control Systems”. Páginas: 677- 720. Birkhäuser 2005.
Hu S., Yan W.: “Stability of Networked Control Systems Under a Multiple-Packet Transmission Policy”. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. Vol. 53, pp. 1706- 1711. August 2008.
Huang D., Nguang S. K.: “State Feedback Control of Uncertain Networked Control Systems With Random Time Delays”. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. Vol. 53, pp. 829-834. April 2008.
Koubâa A., Alves M., and Tovar E.: "GTS Allocation Analysis in IEEE 802.15.4 for Real-Time Wireless Sensor Networks", in 14th International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems (WPDRTS 2006). Rhodes Island (Greece): IEEE, 2006.
Koubâa A., Cunha A., Alves M.: “A Time Division Beacon Scheduling Mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee ClusterTree Wireless Sensor Networks”. Real-Time Systems, 2007. ECRTS '07. 19th Euromicro Conference on IEEE Computer Society 2007.
Lee S., Park J. H., Ha K. N., Lee K. C.: “Wireless Networked Control System Using NDIS-based Four-Layer Architecture for IEEE 802.11b”. IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 21-23 May 2008.
Lennvall T., Svensson S., Hekland F.: “A Comparison of WirelessHART and Zigbee for Industrial Applications”. IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 21-23 May 2008.
Lester H. J.: “System architecture for wireless sensor networks”. PhD thesis. University of California, Berkeley. 2003.
Marinoni M., Buttazzo G.: “Elastic DVS Management in Processors With Discrete Voltage/Frequency Modes”. IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics, vol. 3, No. 1, 2007.
Martínez D., Blanes F., Simo J., Crespo A.: “Evaluación del Comportamiento Temporal de Sistemas Distribuidos de Control Sobre IEEE 802.15.4 y CAN”. 21st Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design – Workshop on Sensor Networks and Applications. Gramado, Brasil. Septiembre de 2008.
Martínez D., Blanes F., Simo J., Crespo A.: “Wireless Sensors and Actuators Networks: Characterization and Cases Study for Confined Spaces Healthcare and Control Applications”. Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience Scientific International Journal for Parallel and Distributed Computing. Vol. 10, no.3. pp. 291 – 305. 2009.
Mejia-Alvarez P., Levner E., and Mosse D.: “Power-Optimized Scheduling Server for Real-Time Tasks,” Proc. IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS ’02), p. 239, 2002.
Meshkova E., Riihijarvi J., Oldewurtel F., Jardak Ch. and Mahonen P.: “Service-Oriented Design Methodology for Wireless Sensor Networks: A View through Case Studies”. IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing. 2008.
Moraes R., Portugal P., Vasques F., Fonseca J. A.: “Limitations of the IEEE 802.11e EDCA Protocol when Supporting Real-Time Communication”. IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 21-23 May 2008.
Pantazis, N.A.; Vergados, D.D.: “A survey on power control issues in wireless sensor networks”. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 4th Quarter 2007. vol 9, No. 4.
Pillai P. and Shin K.G.: “Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Low-Power Embedded Operating Systems”. Proc. ACM Symp. Operating Systems Principles, pp. 89-102, 2001.
Prasad V., Yan T., Jayachandran P., Li Z., Son S., Stankovic J., Hansson J. and Abdelzaher T.: “ANDES: an ANalysisbased DEsign tool for wireless Sensor networks”. 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium, IEEE Computer Society. 2007.
Ripoll I., Crespo A., and Mok A.: “Improvement in feasibility testing for real-time tasks”. Journal of Real-Time Systems, 11:19–40, 1996.
Saewong S. and Rajkumar R.: “Practical Voltage-Scaling for Fixed-Priority RT-Systems”. Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS’03) 2003 IEEE.
Salt J., Casanova V., Cuenca A., Pizá R.: “Sistemas de control basados en red modelado y diseño de estructuras de control”. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial. Vol. 5. No. 3, pp. 5-20, 2008.
Spuri M.: “Holistic Analysis for Deadline Scheduled Real-Time Distributed Systems”. Tech. Rep. RR-2873, INRIA, France, April 1996.
Tabbara, M., Nesic, D.; Teel, A.R.: “Stability of Wireless and Wireline Networked Control Systems”. Automatic Control. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. Vol. 52, pp. 1615-1630. September 2007.
Tindell K. and Clark J.: “Holistic Schedulability Analysis for Distributed Hard Real-Time Systems”. Microprocessors and Microprogramming 40, 1994.
Tindell K., Burns A., and Wellings A.J.: “Analysis of Hard Real-Time Communications”. The Journal of Real-Time Systems 9, 1995.
TinyOS: http://www.tinyos.net/
Varma A., Debes E., Kozintsev I. and Jacob B.: “InstructionLevel Power Dissipation in the Intel XScale Embedded Microprocessor”. Proceedings of the SPIE, 17th Annual Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology. Vol. 5683, pp. 1-8. 2005.
Walsh G.C., Ye H., and Bushnell L.: “Stability analysis of networked control systems”. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. Vol. 10, no.5, pp.438-446, 2002.
WirelessHART: http://www.hartcomm2.org/hart_protocol/wireless_hart/wir elesshart_datasheet.pdf
Xiong J., Lam, J.: “Stabilization of Networked Control Systems With a Logic ZOH”. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. Vol. 54, pp. 358-363. February 2009.
Yang T.C.: “Networked control system: a brief survey”. IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl. Vol. 153, No. 4, July 2006.
Zhang W., Branicky M., and Phillips S.: “Stability of networked control systems”. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. Pp. 84–99. 2001.
Zhu Y. and Mueller F.: “Feedback EDF Scheduling Exploiting Dynamic Voltage Scaling”. Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS’04), 2004 IEEE.
Zigbee Specification. http://www.Zigbee.org
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta revista se publica bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)